Nama :
Yoga Oktavianti.w.
Npm :
19210820
16 Macam Tenses
Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam
bahasa Inggris untuk menunjukkan waktu (sekarang, masa depan, atau masa lalu)
terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa. Tenses yang dipergunakan dalam
bahasa Inggris itu jumlahnya ada 16 waktu, yang lebih dikenal dengan sebutan
“16 tenses “. Maka lebih jelasnya perhatikan bentuk-bentuk waktu.
Berikut ini adalah contoh-contoh
tenses sebagai berikut:
1. PRESENT TENSES
1. PRESENT TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+) = S+V1(es/s)+O
1. Positif (+) = S+V1(es/s)+O
2.
Negatif (-) = S+Do/does+Not+V1+O
3.
Introgatif(?) =Do/does+S+V1+O
Example:
1. (+) He writes a letter every month
(-) He doesn’t writes a letter every month
(?) Dors he writes a letter every month?
2. (+) She teaches English every week
(- ) She doesn’t teaches English every week
(?) Does she teaches English every week?
3. (+) They studys matematic every day
(- ) They don’t studys matematic every day
(?) Do they studys matematic every day?
4. (+) She works in the office every Monday to Saturday
(- ) She doesn’t works in the office every Monday to Saturday
(?) Does she works in the office every Monday to Saturday?
5. (+) They go to Jakarta every years
(- ) They don’t go to Jakarta every years
(? ) Do they go to Jakarta every years?
Example:
1. (+) He writes a letter every month
(-) He doesn’t writes a letter every month
(?) Dors he writes a letter every month?
2. (+) She teaches English every week
(- ) She doesn’t teaches English every week
(?) Does she teaches English every week?
3. (+) They studys matematic every day
(- ) They don’t studys matematic every day
(?) Do they studys matematic every day?
4. (+) She works in the office every Monday to Saturday
(- ) She doesn’t works in the office every Monday to Saturday
(?) Does she works in the office every Monday to Saturday?
5. (+) They go to Jakarta every years
(- ) They don’t go to Jakarta every years
(? ) Do they go to Jakarta every years?
2. PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSES
§ Rumus:
1.
Positif : S+V.ing+O
2.
Negatif : S+do/does+not+V1+O
3.
Introgatif : Do/does +S+V1+O
§ Example:
1.
(+) I am teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(-) I am not teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(?) Am I teaching Englidh at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI?
(-) I am not teaching English at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI
(?) Am I teaching Englidh at the first grade of SMK 2 MEI?
2.
(+) you are writing present continous now
(-) you are not writing present continous now
(?) are you writing present continous now?
(-) you are not writing present continous now
(?) are you writing present continous now?
3.
(+) we are learning tenses now
(-) we are not learning tenses now
(?) are we learning tenses now?
(-) we are not learning tenses now
(?) are we learning tenses now?
4.
(+) I am going to school now
(-) I am not going to school now
(?) Am I going to school now?
(-) I am not going to school now
(?) Am I going to school now?
5.
(+) Daus and Anis are running now
(-) Daus and Anis are not running now
(?) are Daus and Anis running now?
(-) Daus and Anis are not running now
(?) are Daus and Anis running now?
3. PAST
TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+) : S+V2+O
2. Negatif (-) : S+Did not+V2+O
3. Introgatif (?): Did+S+V2+O
§ Example:
1. (+) Sarah invite me last week
(-) Sarah did not invite last week
(?) Did Sarah invite last week?
(?) Did Sarah invite last week?
2. (+) I went to Jakarta yesterday
(-) I went not to Jakarta yesterday
(-) I went not to Jakarta yesterday
(?) went I to Jakarta yesterday?
3. (+) You watch tv last week
(-) You did not watch tv last week
(?) Did you watch tv last week?q
(-) You did not watch tv last week
(?) Did you watch tv last week?q
4. (+) I wrote letter to her last week
(-) I wrote not letter her last week
(?) Wrotw I letter her last week?
(-) I wrote not letter her last week
(?) Wrotw I letter her last week?
5. (+) It rain since at five o’clock
(-) It did not rain since at five o’clock
(?) Did it rain since at five
o’clock?
4. PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+was/were+vVing+O
2. Negatif (-): S+was/were+not+v.ing+o
3. introgatif (?): was/were+S+v.ing+o
§ Examp;e:
1. (+)The third year student were
sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday
(-) The third year student were not sitting behind the teacher’s now yesrterday
(?) Were the third year student sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday?
(-) The third year student were not sitting behind the teacher’s now yesrterday
(?) Were the third year student sitting behind the teacher’s now yesterday?
2. (+) He was playing football
yesterday
(-) He was not playing football yesterday
(?) was he playing football yesterday?
(-) He was not playing football yesterday
(?) was he playing football yesterday?
3. (+) They were working in the office yesterday
(-) They were not working in the office yesterday
(?) Were they working in the office yesterday?
(-) They were not working in the office yesterday
(?) Were they working in the office yesterday?
4. (+) Tuti was reading a novel when I
come yesterday
(-) Tuti was not reading a novel when I come yesterday
(?) was Tuti reading a novel when I come yesterday?
(-) Tuti was not reading a novel when I come yesterday
(?) was Tuti reading a novel when I come yesterday?
5. (+) They were studying Biologi at
ten O’clock last Friday
(-) They were not studying Biologi at ten o’clock last Friday
(?) were they studying Biologi at temn o’clock last Friday?
(-) They were not studying Biologi at ten o’clock last Friday
(?) were they studying Biologi at temn o’clock last Friday?
5. SIMPLE
FUTURE TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall+/will+V1+O
2. Negatif(-): S+shall/will+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+V1+O
§ Example:
1. (+) He will go to Pasir Panjang
tomorrow morning
(-) He will not go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning
(?) Will he go to pasir Panjang tomorrow morning?
(-) He will not go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning
(?) Will he go to pasir Panjang tomorrow morning?
2. (+) I shall study hard next mounth
(-) I shall not study hard next mounth
(?) Shall I study hard next mounth?
(-) I shall not study hard next mounth
(?) Shall I study hard next mounth?
3. (+) I am go to Singkawang tomorrow
(-) I am not go to Singkawang tomorrow
(?) Am I ga to Sngkawang tomorrow?
(-) I am not go to Singkawang tomorrow
(?) Am I ga to Sngkawang tomorrow?
4. (+) She will write this lesson next week
(-) She will not write this lesson next week
(?) will She write this lesson next week?
(-) She will not write this lesson next week
(?) will She write this lesson next week?
5. (+) I shall go to Medan tomorrow
(-) I shall not go to Medan tomorrow
(?) Shall I go to Medan tomorrow?
(-) I shall not go to Medan tomorrow
(?) Shall I go to Medan tomorrow?
6. PAST
FUTURE TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+should/would+V1+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+V1+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+V1+O
§ Example:
1. (+) I should go to Mojosari next day
(-) I should not go to Mojosari next day
(?) Should I go to Mojosari next day?
(-) I should not go to Mojosari next day
(?) Should I go to Mojosari next day?
2. (+) He would by a car the day before
(-) He would not by a car the day before
(?) Would He by a car the day before?
(-) He would not by a car the day before
(?) Would He by a car the day before?
3. (+) He would come if you invited him
(-) He would not come if you invited him
(?) Would he come if you invited him?
(-) He would not come if you invited him
(?) Would he come if you invited him?
4. (+) You would give me this pen last Saturday
(-) You would not give me this pen last Saturday
(?) Would you give me this pen last Saturday?
(-) You would not give me this pen last Saturday
(?) Would you give me this pen last Saturday?
5. (+) She would have breakfast before
at seven
(-) She would not have breakfast before at seven
(?) Would she have breakfast before at seven?
(-) She would not have breakfast before at seven
(?) Would she have breakfast before at seven?
7. PRESENT
PERFECT TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Posituf (+) :
S+have/has+V3+O
2. Negatif (-) :
S+have/has+not+V3+O
3. Introgatif (?): Have/has+S+V3+O
§ Example:
1. (+) We have learned English for two years
(-) We have not learned English for two years
(?) Have we learned English for two years?
(-) We have not learned English for two years
(?) Have we learned English for two years?
2. (+) She has taught English since 1988
(-) She has not taught English since 1988
(?) Has she taught English since 1988?
(-) She has not taught English since 1988
(?) Has she taught English since 1988?
3. (+) He has been to Jakarta before
(-) He has not been to Jakarta before
(?) Has he been to Jakarta before?
(-) He has not been to Jakarta before
(?) Has he been to Jakarta before?
4. (+) He has a written a letter for thirty
minutes
(-) He has not a written a letter for thirty minutes
(?) Has he a written a letter for thirty minutes?
(-) He has not a written a letter for thirty minutes
(?) Has he a written a letter for thirty minutes?
5. (+) I have just spoken to him
(-) I have not just spoken to him
(?) Have I just spoken to him?
(-) I have not just spoken to him
(?) Have I just spoken to him?
8. PAST
PERFECT TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+):
S+had+V3+O
2. Negatif (-): S+had
not+V3+o
3. Intrigattif (?):Had+S+V3+O
§ Example:
1. (+) The train had left before I arrived
(-) The train had not left before I arrived
(?) Had the train left before I arrived?
(-) The train had not left before I arrived
(?) Had the train left before I arrived?
2. (+) I had copied the lesson before she come
home
(-) I had not copied the lesson before she come home
(?) Had I copied the lesson before she come home?
(-) I had not copied the lesson before she come home
(?) Had I copied the lesson before she come home?
3. (+) I had come home before I week three
(-) I had not come home before I week three
(?) Had I come home before I week three?
(-) I had not come home before I week three
(?) Had I come home before I week three?
4. (+) I had written this lesson before he
called me
(-) I had not written a lesson before he called me
(?) Had I written a lesson before he called me?
(-) I had not written a lesson before he called me
(?) Had I written a lesson before he called me?
5. (+)
When my brother arrived, I had painted my car
(-) When my brother arrived, I had not painted my car
(?) When my brother arrived, had I painted my car?
(-) When my brother arrived, I had not painted my car
(?) When my brother arrived, had I painted my car?
9. FUTURE
CONTINOUS TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+):
S+shall/will+be+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-):
S+shall/will+not+be+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+be+ving+O
§ Example:
1. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this
station at four
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this station at four
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this station at four?
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this station at four
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this station at four?
2. (+) I shall be studying at this time
tomorrow
(-) I shall not be studying at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I be studying at this time tomorrow?
(-) I shall not be studying at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I be studying at this time tomorrow?
3. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this
airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening?
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this airport at three o’clock tomorrow evening?
4. (+) He will be working at this time
tomorrow
(-) He will not be working at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he be working at this time tomorrow?
(-) He will not be working at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he be working at this time tomorrow?
5. (+) She will going to be school together at
seven o’clcok tomorrow
(-) She will not going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow
(?) Will she going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow?
(-) She will not going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow
(?) Will she going to be school together at seven o’clock tomorrow?
10. PRESENT
PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+):
S+have/has+been+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-):
S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O
3. Itrogatif (?):
Have/has+S+been+Ving+O
§ Example:
1. (+) I have been going to Pantai
Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(-) I have not going to Painting Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(?) Have I going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002?
(-) I have not going to Painting Samudra for my holiday since 2002
(?) Have I going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002?
2. (+) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has
been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(-) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has not been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(?) Has Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003?
(-) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has not been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003
(?) Has Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak been teaching at SMK 2 MEI since 2003?
3. (+) She has been painting every day for a long
time
(-) She has not painting every day for a long
time
(?) Has she painting every day or along time?
(?) Has she painting every day or along time?
4. (+) It has been raining since at six
o’clock
(-) It has not been raining since at six o’clock
(?) Has it been raining since at six o’clock?
(-) It has not been raining since at six o’clock
(?) Has it been raining since at six o’clock?
5. (+) The girl has been crying since he was
a child
(-) The girl has not been crying since he was a child
(?) Has the girl been crying since has was a child?
(-) The girl has not been crying since he was a child
(?) Has the girl been crying since has was a child?
11. PAST
PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+):
S+had+been+vVng+O
2. Negatif (-)
:S+had+not+been+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?): Had+s+been+ving+o
§ Example:
1. (+) Dodi had been looking for the
girl for a year before he applied her
(-) Dodi had not been looking for the girl for a year before heapplied her
(?) Had Dodi been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her?
(-) Dodi had not been looking for the girl for a year before heapplied her
(?) Had Dodi been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her?
2. (+) I had been playing a football
when they came
(-) I had not been playing a football when they came
(?) Had I been playing a football when they came?
(-) I had not been playing a football when they came
(?) Had I been playing a football when they came?
3. (+) She had been cooking a vegetable
when he came
(-) She had not been cooking a vegetable when he came
(?) had she been cooking a vegetable when he came?
(-) She had not been cooking a vegetable when he came
(?) had she been cooking a vegetable when he came?
4. (+) When I came, his father had been
leaving for six hours
(-) When I came, his father had not been leaving for six hours
(?) When I came, had his father been leaving for six hours?
(-) When I came, his father had not been leaving for six hours
(?) When I came, had his father been leaving for six hours?
5. (+) I had been waiting for you since
at seven o’clock
(-) I had not been waiting for you since at seven o’clock
(?) Had I been waiting for you since at seven o’clock?
(-) I had not been waiting for you since at seven o’clock
(?) Had I been waiting for you since at seven o’clock?
12. FUTURE PERFECT TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+will/shall+have+V3+O
2. negatif (-) :
S+will/shall+not+have+V3+O
3. Introgatif (?):
Will/shall+S+have+V3+O
§ Example:
1. (+) She will have written his lesson
by time he go out
(-) She will not have written his lesson by time he go out
(?) Will she have written his lesson by time he go out?
(-) She will not have written his lesson by time he go out
(?) Will she have written his lesson by time he go out?
2. (+) The game will finished by the time he get
three
(-) The game will not finished by the time he get three
(?) Will the game finished by the time he get three?
(-) The game will not finished by the time he get three
(?) Will the game finished by the time he get three?
3. (+) I shall have written a letter by eight
o’clock tomorrow
(-) I shall not have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow
(?) Shall I have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow?
(-) I shall not have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow
(?) Shall I have written a letter by eight o’clock tomorrow?
4. (+) We shall have played a basketball when he
came
(-) We shall not have played a basketball when he came
(?) Shall we have played a basketball when he came?
(-) We shall not have played a basketball when he came
(?) Shall we have played a basketball when he came?
5. (+) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother
will have left my house
(-) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will not have left my house
(?) When my uncle comes tomorrow, will my grandmother have left my house?
(-) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will not have left my house
(?) When my uncle comes tomorrow, will my grandmother have left my house?
13. FUTURE
PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+have+been+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+shall+will+not+have+been+Ving+O
3. Introgatif (?):Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving+O
§ Example:
1. (+) I shall have been writing a letter at
this time tomorrow
(-) I shall not have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow?
(-) I shall not have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow?
2. (+)
By next fast day I shall have been teaching here six mounths
(-) By next fast day I shall not have been teaching here six mounths
(?) By next fast day shall I have been teaching here six mounths?
(-) By next fast day I shall not have been teaching here six mounths
(?) By next fast day shall I have been teaching here six mounths?
3. (+) Next moon Hevy will have been studying
here for two years
(-) Next moon Hevy will not have been studying here for two years
(?) Next moon will Hevy have been studying here for two years?
(-) Next moon Hevy will not have been studying here for two years
(?) Next moon will Hevy have been studying here for two years?
4. (+) Next week Bu Yusni will have been
teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one years
(-) Next week Bu Yusni will not have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year
(?) Next week will Bu Yusni have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year?
(-) Next week Bu Yusni will not have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year
(?) Next week will Bu Yusni have been teaching at SMK 2 MEI school for one year?
5. (+) He will have been working in the office
at this time tomorrow
(-) He will not have been working in the office at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he have been working in the office at this time tomorrow?
(-) He will not have been working in the office at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he have been working in the office at this time tomorrow?
14. FUTURE
PAST CONTINOUS TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+):
S+should/would+be+Ving+O
2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+be+V.ing+O
3. Introgatif (?):
Should/would+S+be+V.ing+O
§ Example:
1. (+) I should be finishing this home
work at this time following week
(-) I should not be finishing this home work at this time following week
(?) Should I be finishing this home work at this time following week?
(-) I should not be finishing this home work at this time following week
(?) Should I be finishing this home work at this time following week?
2. (+) We should be going to beach the following
week
(-) We should not be going to beach the following week
(?) Should we be going to beach the following week?
(-) We should not be going to beach the following week
(?) Should we be going to beach the following week?
3. (+) He would be flag ceremony at this time the
following day
(-) He would not be flag ceremony at this time the following day
(?) Would he be flag ceremony at this time the following day?
(-) He would not be flag ceremony at this time the following day
(?) Would he be flag ceremony at this time the following day?
4. (+) She would be finishing this job at this
time following moon
(-) She would not be finishing this job at this time following moon
(?) Would she be finishing this job at this time following moon?
(-) She would not be finishing this job at this time following moon
(?) Would she be finishing this job at this time following moon?
5. (+) They would be having examination at this
time the following year
(-) They would not be having examination at this time the following year
(-) They would not be having examination at this time the following year
(?) Would they be having examination at this
time the following year?
15. FUTURE
PAST PERFECT TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+):
S+should/would+have+V2+O
2. Negatif (-):
S+should/would+not+have+V2+O
3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+not+have+V2+O
§ Example:
1. (+) I should have paif if I had come
here
(-) I should not have paif if I had come here
(?) Should I have paif if I had come here?
(-) I should not have paif if I had come here
(?) Should I have paif if I had come here?
2. (+) He would have sucses if he had worked here
(-) He would not have sucses if he had worked here
(?) Would he have sucses if he had worked here?
(-) He would not have sucses if he had worked here
(?) Would he have sucses if he had worked here?
3. (+) She would have graduated if she had
studied hard
(-) She would not have graduated if she had studied hard
(?) Would she have graduated if she had studied hard?
(-) She would not have graduated if she had studied hard
(?) Would she have graduated if she had studied hard?
4. (+) I hoped that you would have married before
you worked here
(-) I hoped not that you would have married before you worked here
(?) Would I hoped that you have married before you worked here?
(-) I hoped not that you would have married before you worked here
(?) Would I hoped that you have married before you worked here?
5. (+) I hoped that you would have paif before
you come here
(-) I hoped not that you would have paif before you come here
(?) Would I hoped that you have paif before you come hare?
(-) I hoped not that you would have paif before you come here
(?) Would I hoped that you have paif before you come hare?
16. FUTURE
PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES
§ Rumus:
1. Positif (+):
S+should/would+have+been+V.ing+O
2. Negatif (-):
S+should/would+not+have+been+V.ing+O
3. Inttrogatif (?): Should/would+S+have+been+V.ing+O
§ Example:
1. (+) By last Febuary I should have
been working this restaurant for one year
(-) By last Febuary I should not have been working this restaurant for one year
(?) should by last Febuary I have been working this restaurant for one year?
(-) By last Febuary I should not have been working this restaurant for one year
(?) should by last Febuary I have been working this restaurant for one year?
2. (+) By last July we should have been studying this
school for three years
(-) By last July we should not have been studying this school for three year
(?) Should by last July we have been studying this school for three years?
(-) By last July we should not have been studying this school for three year
(?) Should by last July we have been studying this school for three years?
3.
(+) By last fast day
he would have been living this apartement for five years
(-) By last fast day he would not have been living this apartement for five years
(?) Would by last fast day he have been living this apartement for five years?
(-) By last fast day he would not have been living this apartement for five years
(?) Would by last fast day he have been living this apartement for five years?
4. (+) She would have been teaching English for
one years by last Friday
(-) She would not have been teaching English for one years by last Friday
(?) Would she have been teaching English for one years by last Friday?
(-) She would not have been teaching English for one years by last Friday
(?) Would she have been teaching English for one years by last Friday?
5.
(+) The magazine would
have been red by Anis
(-) The magazine would not have been red by Anis
(?) Would the magazine have been red by Anis?
(-) The magazine would not have been red by Anis
(?) Would the magazine have been red by Anis?
Referensi
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